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      Annexin V Staining Protocol

       

      General Annexin V Staining Procedure

       

      Solutions

       

      1. 10X Binding Buffer (cat. no. 556454): 0.1 M HEPES, pH 7.4; 1.4 M NaCl; 25 mM CaCl 2. Dilute to 1X prior to use.
      2. Propidium Iodide (PI, cat. no. 556463). Recommended for use in parallel with Annexin V-FITC (cat. no. 556420, 556419) or Annexin V-Biotin (cat. no. 556418, 556417).
      3. Via-Probe™ (cat. no. 555816): A convenient ready-to-use solution of the nucleic acid dye 7-AAD. Recommended for use in parallel with Annexin V-PE (cat. no. 556422, 556421) or Annexin V-Biotin (cat. no. 556418, 556417).
      4. 1X PBS Buffer (cat. no. 554781): 8 g NaCl, 0.2 g KCl, 1.44 g Na 2HPO 4 • 7H 20, 0.24 g KH 2PO 4 , H 20 to 1 liter. Adjust pH to 7.2, autoclave and store at RT.

       

      Staining

       

      1. Wash cells twice with cold PBS and then resuspend cells in 1X Binding Buffer at a concentration of ~1 x 10 6 cells/ml.

      2. Transfer 100 µl of the solution (~1 x 10 5 cells) to a 5 ml culture tube.

      3. Add Annexin V and Vital Dye as described below:
         
      FormatVolume (µl)Vital DyeVolume (µl)
      Biotin*57-AAD or PI*2 or 5
      PE57-AAD5
      FITC5PI*2

      *The optimal amount of PI may range between 2–10 µl/test depending on cell type and experimental system. 2 µl/test is the recommended starting amount.

       

      1. Gently mix the cells and incubate for 15 min at RT in the dark.
        *For Annexin V-Biotin samples only: After 15 min incubation, wash once with 1 ml of 1X Binding Buffer. Dilute 0.5 µg Streptavidin-Fluorescein Isothiocynate (SAv-FITC, Cat. No. 554060) into 100 µl of 1X Binding Buffer and add to the cell pellet. Gently mix the cells. Add 2 µl PI and incubate for 15 min at RT.

         

      2. Add 400 µl of 1X Binding Buffer to each tube. Analyze by flow cytometry as soon as possible (within 1 hr).
        Note: Methods for utilizing Annexin V binding on adherent cells (i.e., monolayer) have been described by van Engeland et al. 1 and Casciola-Rosen et al. 2 However, these methods are not performed as a routine quality control for the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit I and Kit II.

         

      Suggested Controls for Flow Cytometric Analysis of Annexin V samples.

       

      The following controls are used to set up compensation and quadrants:

       

      FITC

       

      1. Unstained cells
      2. Cells stained with Annexin V-FITC alone (no PI)
      3. Cells stained with PI alone (no Annexin V-FITC)

       

      PE

       

      1. Unstained cells
      2. Cells stained with Annexin V-PE alone (no 7-AAD)
      3. Cells stained with 7-AAD alone (no Annexin V-PE)

       

      Biotin

       

      1. Unstained cells
      2. Cells stained with SAv-FITC alone (no Annexin V-Biotin or PI)
      3. Cells stained with Annexin V-Biotin and SAv-FITC (no PI)
      4. Cells stained with PI and SAv-FITC (no Annexin V-Biotin)

       

      Other Staining Controls:

       

      A cell line that can be easily induced to undergo apoptosis should be used to obtain positive control staining. It is important to note that the basal level of apoptosis and necrosis varies considerably within a population. Thus, even in the absence of induced apoptosis, most cell populations will contain a minor percentage of cells that are positive for apoptosis (Annexin V positive, vital dye negative). The untreated population is used to define the basal level of apoptotic and dead cells. The percentage of cells that have been induced to undergo apoptosis is then determined by subtracting the percentage of apoptotic cells in the untreated from the treated population.

       

      Annexin V Blocking

       

      An additional control that may be performed includes preincubation of cell samples with recombinant unconjugated Annexin V, which is included as part of the Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit II (Cat. No 556570). This serves to block Annexin V-FITC binding sites and thus demonstrates the specificity of Annexin V-FITC staining. The procedure follows.

       

      1. Wash cells twice with cold PBS and then resuspend cells in 1X Binding Buffer at a concentration of ~1x 10 6 cells/ml.
      2. Transfer 100 µl of the solution (~1 x 10 5 cells) to a 5 ml culture tube.
      3. Add 5-15 µg of purified recombinant Annexin V. The amount of purified recombinant Annexin V required to saturate binding sites may vary according to cell type, and stage of apoptosis. In some cases, investigators may also need to reduce the number of cells to 0.5 x 10 5 /100 µl and still add 5-15 µg of recombinant Annexin V to obtain optimal results.
      4. Gently mix the cells and incubate for 15 min at RT.
      5. Add 5 µl of Annexin V-FITC, Annexin V-PE or *Annexin V-Biotin. Gently mix and incubate at RT for 15 min in the dark.

         

        *For Annexin V-Biotin samples only: After 15 min incubation, wash once with 1 ml of 1X Binding Buffer. Dilute 0.5 µg Streptavidin-Fluorescein Isothiocynate (SAv-FITC, Cat. No. 554060) into 100 µl of 1X Binding Buffer and add to the cell pellet. Gently mix the cells and incubate at RT for 15 min in the dark.

         

      6. Add 400 µl of 1X Binding Buffer to each tube. Analyze by flow cytometry as soon as possible (within 1 hr).

      References

       

      1. van Engeland M, Ramaekers FC, Schutte B, Reutelingsperger CP. 1996. A novel assay to measure loss of plasma membrane asymmetry during apoptosis of adherent cells in culture. Cytometry 24:131-139.

      2. Casciola-Rosen L, Rosen A, Petri M, Schlissel M. 1996. Surface blebs on apoptotic cells are sites of enhanced procoagulant activity: implications for coagulation events and antigenic spread in systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 93:1624-9.
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